ACE Inhibitors (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors)

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ACE Inhibitors (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) inhibit ACE, preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels. As a result, it causes vasodilation, reduces blood pressure, and decreases the workload on the heart.

Common Uses

1. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
2. Heart Failure
3. Chronic Kidney Disease
4. Diabetic Nephropathy
5. Post-Heart Attack Recovery

Popular ACE Inhibitors

1. Lisinopril
o Brand Names: Zestril, Prinivil
2. Enalapril
o Brand Names: Vasotec, Epaned
3. Ramipril
o Brand Names: Altace
4. Captopril
o Brand Names: Capoten
5. Benazepril
o Brand Names: Lotensin

Side Effects

• Common

1. Dizziness
2. Cough (dry)
3. Fatigue
4. Headache
5. Elevated potassium levels

• Serious

1. Angioedema (swelling of face, lips, or throat)
2. Kidney dysfunction
3. Low blood pressure (hypotension)
4. Rash

Drug-Drug Interactions

1. Diuretics (Water Pills):

Risk of excessive lowering of blood pressure.

2. Potassium Supplements:

Increased risk of hyperkalemia (high potassium).

3. NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs):

May reduce the effectiveness of ACE inhibitors.

4. Lithium:

ACE inhibitors may increase lithium levels, leading to toxicity.

5. Other Antihypertensive Drugs:

Can cause an additive effect, leading to low blood pressure.

Precautions

1. Pregnancy

Contraindicated, especially in the second and third trimesters (can harm fetal development).

2. Kidney Disease

Monitor kidney function closely; may worsen kidney problems.

3. Electrolyte Imbalance

Monitor potassium levels.

4. Cough

If persistent, may require switching medications.

5. History of Angioedema

Avoid ACE inhibitors if you have had a history of severe allergic reactions.

Conclusion

ACE antagonists are antihypertensive medications that very important for managing hypertension, heart failure, and kidney disease. Continuous monitoring of kidney function and electrolytes is necessary to mimic the side effects and interactions. Always follow the prescribed dose and inform your doctor of any other medications you are taking.