Angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE inhibitors are a class of medications commonly used to manage high blood pressure (hypertension), heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular conditions. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). This enzyme which is responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by narrowing blood vessels and stimulating the release of aldosterone, a hormone that causes the body to retain sodium and water.
By inhibiting ACE, these medications help relax blood vessels, reduce blood volume, and lower blood pressure. Common angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors include enalapril, lisinopril, and ramipril. They are effective in improving heart function in heart failure and protecting kidney function in patients with diabetes.
ACE inhibitors are generally well-tolerated, but may cause side effects such as cough, elevated potassium levels, and dizziness. Rarely, they may cause angioedema (swelling of the deeper layers of the skin).
