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Lisinopril: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, and Contraindications
Lisinopril is a medication that is taken orally, that belongs to a class of drugs named as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. It is commonly prescribed for managing high blood pressure (hypertension) and treating heart failure. Additionally, it may be used after a heart attack to improve heart function and reduce the risk of complications.
Uses of Lisinopril
- Hypertension: Lisinopril helps lower high blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels, which makes it easier for the heart to pump blood.
- Heart Failure: It improves symptoms by decreasing the workload on the heart.
- Post-Heart Attack Care: After a heart attack, it supports the recovery process and reduces the likelihood of further heart-related issues.
- Chronic Kidney Disease: It may be prescribed to protect kidney function in patients with diabetes or high blood pressure.
Side Effects of Lisinopril
While lisinopril is generally well-tolerated, some people may experience side effects, including:
- Common Side Effects:
- Dizziness or light-headedness
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Cough (a common ACE inhibitor side effect)
- Nausea
- Serious Side Effects:
- Angioedema: it is the swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat area, which can be serious life-threatening.
- Low blood pressure (hypotension): Can occur, especially after the first dose.
- Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels): Can lead to serious heart issues.
- Liver problems: Symptoms are yellowing of the skin or eyes.
Drug Interactions
Lisinopril can interact with various medications, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Key interactions include:
- Potassium Supplements: Since lisinopril can increase potassium levels, using it with potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics can lead to dangerous hyperkalemia.
- Diuretics: Combined use may lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure, especially when starting treatment.
- NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs): These can reduce the effectiveness of lisinopril in lowering blood pressure and may also increase the risk of kidney damage.
- Lithium: It can boost up the levels of lithium in the blood, leading to toxicity.
- Other Antihypertensives: Taking it with other blood pressure-lowering medications can increase the risk of low blood pressure.
Contraindications
Lisinopril is not suitable for everyone. It should be avoided by individuals who have:
- History of Angioedema: A severe allergic reaction to ACE inhibitors.
- Pregnancy: It can cause harm to the fetus, particularly in the second and third trimesters.
- Severe Kidney Impairment: If the kidneys are not functioning well, lisinopril can worsen kidney problems.
- History of Hypotension: It can lower blood pressure or worsen it.
Brand Names
Prinivil and Zestril
Conclusion
Lisinopril is a potent and effective drug for the treatment of high blood pressure, heart failure, and for the post-heart attack care. While generally safe, it is essential to monitor for side effects and drug interactions. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting or discontinuing it, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.
