Penicillin G

Penicillin G belongs to the beta-lactam antibiotic class. It works by disrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis and inhibits bacterial growth. That mechanism pf action make it highly effective against specific bacterial strains.

Chemical Structure of Penicillin G

Penicillin G consists of several components in its molecular structure:

• Beta-lactam ring
• Thiazolidine ring
• Side chain

Mechanism of Action of Penicillin G

Penicillin G inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. The drug binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). These proteins are enzymes necessary to build and maintain bacterial cell walls. After binding to these PBPs, it prevents bacteria from forming the necessary structure for survival. It makes the bacterial cell to rupture and die. This mechanism is most effective against Gram-positive bacteria, which rely heavily on their cell walls for structural integrity.

Uses of Penicillin G

Penicillin G has following uses.

• Streptococcal infections– Such as pneumonia, strep throat, and scarlet fever.
• Meningococcal infections– Including meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis.
• Syphilis-The drug of choice for treating Treponema pallidum infections.
• Clostridial infections– Tetanus and gas gangrene.
• Rheumatic fever– For prophylaxis and treatment of streptococcal-related infections.
• Endocarditis– Bacterial infections of the heart valves caused by susceptible bacteria.

Side Effects of Penicillin G

Common Side Effects of Penicillin G

• Gastrointestinal disturbances

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort.

• Allergic reactions

Rashes, hives, and fever.

• Injections site reactions

It can cause pain or irritation at the place where injection was injected.

Severe Side Effects of Penicillin G

• rash
• hives
• itching
• difficulty breathing or swallowing
• swelling of the face, throat, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs tongue, lips and eyes,
• hoarseness
• fever
• muscle or joint pain
• stomach pain
• severe diarrhea or bloody stool.
• unusual bleeding or bruising
• blood in the urine
• seizures
• weakness
• fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat
• sore throat, chills, fever or other signs of infection

Contraindications

Penicillin G is contraindicated in the following situations:

• Penicillin allergy

Individuals with a known allergy to penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics should not use Penicillin G.

• Severe renal impairment

Dosage adjustments are required for kidney patients.

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Penicillin G is  safe in pregnancy but should only be used when there is no other choice left. It passes into breast milk, so breastfeeding mothers should consult a doctor before using it.

Drug Interactions of Penicillin G

It can interact with various medications, including:

• Probenecid can slow down the elimination of Penicillin G Thus it can  increase its concentration and pharmacological effects.
• Aminoglycosides can have a synergistic bactericidal effect but require careful monitoring to avoid nephrotoxicity.
• Methotrexate levels increases due to Penicillin G that can lead to toxicity.
•  It can interact with oral contraceptives and reduce their efficacy.
• It can enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding.

Popular Brand Names of Penicillin G

Penicillin G has following popular brand names.

Brand Name	Manufacturer	Formulation
Pfizerpen	Pfizer	Injection, Oral forms
Crystapen	Sandoz	Injectable
Bicillin L-A	GlaxoSmithKline	Injectable (Long-acting)
Penicillin G Potassium	Mylan	Injectable
V-Cillin K	Mylan	Oral Tablets

Overdose Emergency

Penicillin G overdose symptoms are

• Severe nausea and vomiting.
• Severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis.
• Seizures.
• Confusion or difficulty breathing.

If you suspect an overdose, contact emergency services or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.

Special Dietary Instructions

The following tips can help ensure its effectiveness:

• Take on an empty stomach
• Stay hydrated: Ensure adequate fluid intake when you have kidney concerns.
• Avoid alcohol because it may worsen side effects like gastrointestinal upset.

What to Do if You Forget a Dose?

If you forget a dose of Penicillin G:

• Take the missed dose immediately when you remember. If it’s almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose.
• Do not double up. Never take two doses collectively if you missed the previous one. This could increase the risk of side effects.
• Follow your prescribed schedule. Maintain a regular dosing schedule to keep the medication working effectively in your system.

Conclusion

Penicillin G is a cornerstone antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections. Always consult your healthcare professional to ensure It is the right treatment for your condition.it is necessary to know the drug class, structure, mechanism of action, side effects, contraindications, and drug interactions of Penicillin G for its safe usage.